Explores magnetism and the basic laws that affect magnetic materials. Employs the elementary generator to demonstrate how magnetic fields interact with a moving wire loop and monitors the output to show how we develop AC voltage from 360 degrees of rotation. Describes commutation to convey how an AC generator can be changed to produce DC at the output. Describes how to purify and increase the DC levels from the generator. Concludes with a clear description on counter electromotive force (CEMF) and its effects on armature current.